Recruitment information: |
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Age 0 to 30 years.
2. Healthy child, with absence of any exclusion criteria.
3. Able to provide informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Children with significant cardiovascular risk factors: smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity/overweight, high cholesterol, known intrauterine growth retardation.
2. Children on cardiac or vasoactive medications.
3. Children with haemodynamically significant cardiovascular anomaly, but structural anomalies without any hemodynamic significance may be included (e.g. small atrial septal defects/patent foramen ovale, tiny muscular ventricular septal defect, tiny patent ductus arteriosus, mild pulmonary stenosis).
4. Children with active conditions that might directly interfere with cardiovascular function e.g. hypoxia, acidosis, inflammatory disease or serious infection.
5. Children with known ventricular dysfunction (LVEF < 50 %) and/or dilatation (LVEDD > Z-score + 2.0). |